Fog producing nozzle



Feb. 26, 1946. F. w. FuNKE FOG PRODUCING NOZZLE Filed Jan. 22, 1945 INVENTOR. fkfiq 1M FI/NKE..

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/97 role/v5 vs Patented Feb. 26, 1946 FOG PRODUCING NOZZLE Fred W. Funke, aklan, Calif., assignor to Robert St. J. Orr, San Francisco, Calif.

Application January 22, 1945, Serial No. 574,005

11 Claims.

This invention relates to a Vapor or fogproducing nozzle and has for one of its objects the provision of a low pressure high Velocity vapor or fog-producing nozzle that is adapted to produce a vapor pattern of predetermined Shape having uniform density.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a simple, economically made, durable, vapor-producing nozzle in which the vapor is of uniform density throughout and in which there is no reduction in the Velocity of the liquid by reason of any impingement of separate streams thereof or obstruction for converting the liquid into vapor.

A still further object of the invention is the.

provision of a nozzle that is adapted to produce either a at curtain of vapor from a solid stream of liquid or a conical body of vapor, and in either instance the body of vapor produced is of uniform density throughout and there is no reduction in the Velocity thereof at the point of Conversion from a solid stream pr streams into a vapor.

Heretofore, the most common method of producing a vapor by so-called fog or vapor nozzles has been to break up solid streams by causing their impingement. In some instances, mechanical impingement is employed. The result is a great drop in the Velocity of the liquid thereby requiring a relatively high pressure to insure 'an efiective projection of an adequate Volume of liquid.

With the present invention the vapor created is of uniform density throughout the body thereof and is of high Velocity, yet the pressure in the hose or pipe line may be relatively low. For example, with water at a pressure of eighty pounds to the square inch in a three-quarter inch hose,

the Velocity of the projected vapor at the con- Version point is over one hundred and twenty feet per second and the volume is at the rate of substantially ten gallons 'of liquid per minute. By increasing the pressure the Velocity is increased and at one hundred pounds pressure per square inch the Velocity would be practically one hundred and fifty feet per second. This Velocity is substantially at the point of Conversion into vapo-r and there is no reduction thereof subsequently due to any cause other than the normal and natural dissipation of its momentum, unless it strikes an obstacle.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the description and in the drawing.

In the drawing, l

Fig. l is a sectional view through a vaporforming nozzle or nozzle tip. This nozzle is adapted to produce a conical body of fog with its apex adjacent the nozzle.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken'along line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken through a va'porforming nozzle that is adapted to produce a flat curtain offog.

Fig'. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-- of Fig. 4.

In the following description it is to be understood that the term unozzle used hereinafter is intended to refer to this invention irrespective of whether it is used alone or as a nozzle tip, or an element that might be called a nozzle.

The same numbers will be used in all views from 1 to 6 inclusive where the elements or parts of the nozzle are identical in all of said views.

In detail, the nozzle illustrated comprises an elongated, cylindrical body having a cylindrical through bore. This body is divided transversely into two Sections, one section being designated l and the other being designated 2.

Sections l and 2 are threadedly secure'd together at adjacent ends with their bores in axial alignment, the outer open end of section I comprising an Outlet 3 for liquid adapted to be admitted through the opposite outer open end of section 2 that comprises inlet Inlet i is internally threaded at 5 for threadedly securing the section 2 onto a suitably threaded fitting (not shown) such as may be on a pipe or end of a hose line, or which fitting may be the body of a nozzle, n which latter instance the sections l, 2 make up the body of a nozzle tip.

Section 2 is externally threaded at its end opposite said inlet as at 6 for threaded engagement with interna1 threads formed in the adjacent end of section I. An annular radially inwardly projecting flange 'l adjacent the said internally threaded portion of the section l provides a I shoulder for a gasket or washer 8 that is adapted -said outlet.

The diameter of the outlet is substantially equal to the diameter of the fiange ll; and the point Ill o-f 'greatest diameter of said enlarged portion of .section may be slightly closer to the flange than to the outlet. From said point |0, the walls may be convergently tapered in two steps |l, |2 to the-edge of flange The enlarged portion |3 of the bore may be termeda suction chamber inasmuch as a suction is created in this chambei` during normal operation of the nozzle whereby outside air will be drawn into the same in the path indicated by arrows Il (Pig. 1) for entrainment of the air with the stream issuing from the nozzle, and which air contributes materially to the production of a uniform density fog having a pattem of regular outline, whether circular or in the form of a curtain, as will later be explained.

The section 2 is also formed with an inwardly viding a shoulder against which a washer ||i may be supported for sealing with the iitting threaded into said inlet.

The end of the bore in section 2 that is opposite the inlet and that is adjacent washer 8 is bored out toan enlarged diameter for receiving a relatively thick bafile that is adapted to be supported on the shoulder |8 at the end of said enlarged diameter. This baiile is circular and is formed with a fiange |9 at its periphery projecting axially toward the adjacent open end of section 2.

The fiange |`9 functions as a spacer for a circular plate 20, the latter fltting in the bore of section 2 adjacent washer 8 and in engagement with said washer.

The plate 20 is fairly thick, but not necessarily as thick as baflle and said plate is formed with a pair of concentric annular rows of uniform sized, circular openings 2|. 22. Said rows are coaxial with the axis of section 2 and openings 2| are the inner row nearest said axis, while openings 22 are the openings of the outer row.

The face .of the plate 20 that faces toward the outlet 3 is formed with a pair of concentric recesses 23. 2| that are generally spherical in crosssectional contour. These recesses 23, 24 are respectively coincident with the inner and outer rows of openings 2|, 22 and are of uniform width. Recesses 23, 24 are of sumcient width to extend outwardly of opposite sides of said openings in the direction of their width and the openings 2|,

22 preferably are about centrally of the width of the grooves.

The axes and sides of the openings 2| of said inner row extend dlvergently outwardly relative to the central axis of section v| in direction outwardly of outlet 3. This divergence of the said axes and sides is preferably about 12 relative to said central axis as indicated by line 25 (Fig. 1).

The axes and sides of the openings 22 of said outer row extend divergently outwardly relative to the central of section in direotion outwardly of outlet 3 at an angle of about 6 relative to said axis, as indicated by line 28.

In the drawing, Fig. 2, it is seen that the openings 2| are equally spaced from each other and that radii respectively extending from the central axis of section 2 through the centers of said openings 2| will extend midway between adjacent pairs of openings 22 in said outer row. Thus, upon water being ejected'from said openings 2|I 22 the streams will not impinge each other.

The bailie is formed with an annular row of uniform-sized apertures 21 adjacent fiange |9 and which apertures are appreciably larger than the openings 2|, 22. These apertures 2'| are offset radially outwardly of the openings` Z? of the outer row of openings in the plate 20 so that liquid passing through said apertures must change .projecting fiange IS adjacent the inlet 4 for prothe direction imparted thereto by the relatively long walls of said apertures before passing through the relatively small openings 2|, 22. The axes of apertures 27 are parallel with the central axis of the baille and of sections 2, therefore a relatively high turbulence is produced in the chamber 28 between plate 20 and baiiie due to the fact that the water entering said chamber through apertures 21 must first move radially inwardly due to the offset of apertures 21 outwardly relative to openings 22, and then the divergence of the openings 2 I, 22 compels the water to change its course and to move generally radially outwardly through said openings.

The ratio between the capacity of the apertures 21 and openings 2|, 22 is such, for example, that a three-quarter inch hose delivering about ten lgallons 'of water per minute into the inlet 3 at lbs. per square inch, will increase its Velocity from about 'I feet per second to about 122 feet per second, in issuing from openings 2|, 22. The streams issuing from the openings 2|, 22 will just clear the edges of outlet 3 and will vaporize and merge to form a conical body commencing about three inches from said outlet. A partial vacuum tends to form in the suction chamber |3 causing air to enter said chamber as indicated by lines H (Fig. 1) and which air contributes materially to the desired vaporization and to the uniformity of the pattem created, as well as to the uniform density of the vapor body.

- The character of the vapor body may be modified as desired by varying the sizes of the openings and apertures and the dimensions of the suction chamber |3. Changes in one or more of such sizes and dimensions will show a change in result.

It may be pertinent to note that the nozzle disclosed in my United States Patent No. 2,263,405 of November 18, 1941, is an economically-made nozzle that will produce a coarse, non-uniform spray, but the same will not produce a vapor of regular pattem and uniform density throughout the body of the vapor.

Referring to Figs. 4 to 6, this nozzle is adapted to produce a flat curtain of vapor of a uniform density, and is practically the same as the nozzle of Figs. 1 to 3, except for the character of the openings in vthe bafile and plate adjacent thereto.

The bore of section 2 from shoulder |8 to a shoulder 29 adjacent flange |5 is of slightly less diameter than the portion from shoulder |8 to washer 8.

Instead of using the plate 20 and baiile l'l, a plate 30 and baflie 3|` in generally the same positions as plate 20 and baflie are employed. These may be integral with a cylinder 32 that carries plate 30 at one end adjacent and in engagement with washer 8, and which cylinder spaces the plate 30 and baille 3| for providing a chamber 33 between them. The open end of the cylinder 34 opposite plate 30 is supported on shoulder 29.

The baflie 3| is formed with an outer annular row of equally spaced circular openings 35 that are closely adjacent the edge of the baiiie and cylinder. The drawing shows four of these openings apart. Baflle 3| is also formed with an inner annular row of circular openings 36 each of which is on a radia] line from the central axis of the baffle extending through each opening 35, there being one opening 36 adjacent each opening 35. openings 36 are smaller than openings 35. The baiiie 3| is relatively thick thereby giving a definite direction to the flow of liquid therethrough, and the axes of openings 35, 36 are parallel with the central axis of the baffie which axis is coincident with the axis of the sections I, 2. The difference in the sizes of the openings 35, 38 results in a difference in the velocities of i the streams of liquid passing therethrough.

Plate 30 is formed with a relatively-narrow straight slot 31 that is positioned to extend equal distances oppositely outwardly of the center of the plate along radial lines bisecting the space between two adjacent pairs of openings 36. Thus, the opening or slot 31 is offset relative to openings 35, 36 instead of being in axial alignment with them, and the liquid flowingthrough openings 35, 36 must change its direction in order to pass through slot 31. The Velocity of the liquid passing through slot 31 is increased to substantially the same degree as explained with respect to the nozzle of Fig. 1,' but instead of a conical body of fog being produced outwardly of the nozzle, a flat curtan of uniform density is produced.

In emerging from slot 31 the fiat liquid stream at the slot makes a turn of 90 and the vapor curtan forms, said curtain being about a foot thick and about five feet wide at twenty feet from the nozzle, with the width progressively increasing in direction away from the nozzle. This condition is where the nozzle is substantially the same as shown in the drawing except that all dimensions are about half those shown in the actual drawing and where the water is at about 80 lbs. pressure per square foot in a three-quarter inch pipe or hose supplying the nozzle with liquid;

The nozzle of Figs. 1 to 3 is also about double the actual size insofar as the dimensions are concerned. This invention is not intended to be restricted to the dimensions/given for either of the forms of the invention inasmuch as variations in certain instances may be found desirable. In the form of the invention as shown in Figs. 4 to 6 the width of the curtan, for instance, may be varied by varying the length of the slot.

I claim:

1. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a bafile coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a plurality of apertures formed in said baffle adjacent its periphery and an opening formed in said plate radially offset relative to said apertures closer to the axis of said bore than the said' apertures, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet providing a suction chamber for inducing a fiow of outside air into said chamber for entrainment into liquid ejected from said opening through said outlet when such liquid is admitted into said bore through said inlet for passage through said apertures to said opening.

2. A vapor nozzle comprising a'cylindrical body having a central through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other openend being an outlet, a plate and a bafile coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a plurality of apertures formed in said bafile adjacent its periphery and an opening formed in said plate radially offset relative to said apertures closer to the axis of said bore than the said apertures, said bore'being enlarged between said plate and said outlet providing a suction chamber for inducing a flow of outside air into said chamber for entrainment into liquid ejected from said opening through said outlet when such liquid is admitted into said bore through said inlet for passage through said apertures to said opening, said bore being cylindrical and the walls of said suctlon chamber nearest said outlet being coaxial with said bore tapered divergently from the edges of said outlet in p direction generally toward said inlet to the point of maximum diameter-,of said chamber.

3. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central through bore for liquid,pone open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a bafie coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a plurality of apertures formed in said bafiie adjacent its periphery and an opening formed in said plate radially offset relative to said apertures closer to the axis of said bore than the said apertures, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet-providing a suction chamber for inducing a flow of outside air into said chamber for entrainment into liquid ejected from said opening through said outlet when such liquid is admitted into said bore through said inlet for passage through said apertures to said opening. said apertures being equally spaced from each other and from the axis of said bore.

4; A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a baffie coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a plurality of apertures plate radially offset relative to said apertures closer to the axis of said bore than the said apertures, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet providing a suction chamber for inducing a fiow of 'outside air into said chamber for entrainment into liquid ejected from said opening through said outlet when such liquid is admitted into said bore through said inlet for passage through said apertures to said opening, said bore being cylindrical and the walls of said suction chamber being tapered divergently from said ,outlet in direction toward said inlet to the point of maximum diameter of said chamber and then being tapered convergently from said point.

5. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a baflle coaxial with said bore secured within the -latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a plurality of apertures formed in said baffie adjacent its periphery and an opening formed in said plate radially offset relative to 'said apertures closer to the axis of said bore than the said apertures, said bore being enlarged between said plate and 'said outlet providing a suction chamber for inducing a flow of outside air into said chamber for entrainment into liquid ejected from saidl opening through said outlet when such liquid is admitted into' said bore through said inlet for passage through said apertures to said opening,

formed in said baiile adjacent its periphery and an opening formed in said the walls of the enlarged portion of said bore between said plate and said outlet being imperforate.

6. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central through bore for liquid. one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a baille coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a plurality of apertures formed in said baiiie adjacent its periphery and an opening formed in said plate radially offset relative to said apertures closer to the axis of said'bore than the said apertures, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet providing a suction chamber for inducing a ilow of outside'air into said chamber for entrainment into liquid ejected from said opening through said outlet when such liquid is admitted into said bore through said inlet for passage through said apertures to said opening, said opening comprising an elongated slot and said apertures being equally spaced from each other and from the axis of said bore, other apertures formed in said baiiie respectively positioned on radii extending from said axis to the centers of said firstmentioned' apertures, said other apertures being smaller than said first-mentioned apertures.

7. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central cylindrical through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a baflie coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a pair of spaced annular concentric rows of openings formed in said plate coaxial with the axis of said bore thereby providing an inner row of openings and an outer row' of openings with respect to said axis, an annular row of apertures formed in said baflie coaxiai with the axis of said bore, said row of apertures being positioned outwardly of the said outer row of openings with respect to the axis of saidbore, the openings of said outer row being equally spaced from each other and the openings of said inner row being on radii extending from said axis midway between the openings of adjacent pairs thereof in said outer row, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet and the said apertures being appreciably larger than the openings in said pair of concentric rows.

8. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central cylindrical through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid' and the other. open end being an outlet, a plate and a baflhie coaxial with said bore secured within thelatter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, la pair of spaced annular concentric rows of openings formed insaid plate coaxial with the axis of said bore thereby providing an `inner row of openings and an outer row of openings with respect to said axis an annular row of-apertures formed in said bai'ile: 'coaxial with the axis of said bore, said row of apertures being positioned outwardly of the said outer row of openings with respect to the axis of said bore, the openings of said outer row being equally spaced from each other and the openings of said inner row being on radii extending from said axis midway between the openings of adjacent pairs thereof in said outer row, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet and the said apertures being appreciably larger than aaoaoai the openings in said pair of concentric rows. the axes of the openings in said pair of concentric rows extending divergently relative to the central axis of said bore in direction from said inlet to said outlet with the axes of the openings of said inner row being more divergent than the axes of the openings of said outer row.

9. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central cylindrical through bore for liquid, one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a baiiie coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a pair of spaced annular concentrlc rows of openings formed in said plate coaxial with the axis of said bore thereby providing an inner row of openings and an outer row of openings with respect to said axis, an annular row of apertures formed in said baffle coaxial with the axis of said bore, said row of apertures being positioned outwardly of the said outer row of openings with respect to the axis of said bore, the openings of said outer row 'being equally spaced from each other and the openings of said inner row being on radii extending from said axis midway between the openings of adjacent pairs thereof in said outer row, said bore being enlarged between said plate and said outlet and the said apertures being appreciably larger than the openings in said pair of concentric rows, said plate being formed with a pair of annular, concentric recesses in the side thereof facing said outlet, the said recesses being coincident with said annular concentric rows of openings and sufliciently wide to extend radially outwardly with respect to the axis of said bore beyond oppositev sides of the openings of said rows.

10. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a .central cylindrical through bore for liquid, one open end of said 'bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a baille coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a pair of spaced annular concentric rows of openings formed in said plate coaxial with the axis of said bore thereby providing an inner row of openings and an outer row of openings with respect to said axis, an annular row of apertures formed in said baflle ooaxial with the axis of said bore, said row of apertures being positioned outwardly of the said outer row of openings with respect to the axis of said bore, the openings of said outer row being equally spaced from each other and the openings of said inner row being on radii extending from said axis midway between the openings of adjacent pairs thereof in said outer row, said bore being enlarged-between said plate and said outlet and the said apertures being appreciably larger than the openings in said pair of concentric rows, the axes of the openings in said pair of concentric rows extending divergently relative to the central axis of said bore in direction from said inlet to said outlet with the axes of the openings of said inner row being more divergent than theaxes of the openings of said outer row, said plate being formed with a pair of annular concentric recesses in the side thereof facing said outlet, the said recesses being coincident with said annular concentric rows of openings and sufliciently wide to extend radially outwardly with respect to the axis of said bore beyond opposite sides of the openings of said rows.

11. A vapor nozzle comprising a cylindrical body having a central cylindrical'through bore for liquid one open end of said bore being an inlet for said liquid and the other open end being an outlet, a plate and a bafile coaxial with said bore secured within the latter spaced from each other with said plate nearest said outlet and spaced therefrom, a portion of the walls of said bore between said plate and said outletv extending divergently outwardly in direction from said outlet toward said plate providing an enlargement in said bore between said plate and said Outlet, a pair of spaced, annular concentric rows of openings formed in said plate coaxial with the axis of said bore thereby providing an inner row of openings and an outer row of openlngs with respect to said axis, an annular row of apertures formed in said bafiie coaxial with the axis of said bore, said row of apertures being positioned outwardly of the said outer row of openings with respect to the axis of said bore, the openings of said outer row being equally spaced from each other and the openings of said inner row being on radii extending from said axis substantially midway between the openings of adjacent pairs thereof in said outer row, the said apertures being larger than the said openings, the axes of the openings in said pair of concentric rows extending divergently relative to the central axis of said bore in direction from said inlet to said outlet with the axes of the openings of said inner row being more divergent than the axes of the openings of said outer row, said plate being relatively thick and said baflle being thicker than said plate with the axes of said apertures parallel with the axis of said bore.

FRED W. UNKE. 

